These networks are organized around large concentrations of computation, stored information, or online services rather than primarily around connecting subscribers.

Their growth has changed the Internet’s interaction pattern because they often connect directly to many access and transit networks instead of relying on a simple chain of intermediaries. Internet exchange infrastructure increasingly connects ISPs directly to content providers and CDNs.

Sub-categories include:
1. Cloud Provider Network
2. Content Delivery Network
3. Large Platform Network
4. Hosting Provider Network